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70Yb173.05

Element 70, a lanthanide

Ytterbium

The fourth element named after Ytterby, and the heart of some of the most precise clocks ever built.

At a glance

Symbol
Yb
Atomic number
70
Average atomic mass
173.05
Group
none; it sits in the lanthanide row below the table
Period
6
Family
lanthanide
Electron configuration
[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 6s²
Electronegativity
not measured
Common ions
Yb³⁺ and Yb²⁺

On the table

Periodic table with Ytterbium highlighted123456789101112131415161718123456757-7189-103HHeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKrRbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXeCsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRnFrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg

Period 6, in the lanthanide row set below the main table. The other lanthanides are tinted, and every cell opens its own article.

Electrons and bonding

Like the other lanthanides, it gives up three electrons to form the Yb³⁺ ion in most of its compounds.

Properties

State at 25 °C
solid
What it looks like
soft, silvery metal
Melting point
819 °C
Boiling point
1196 °C
Density
6.90 g/cm³

Where it is found

Found in xenotime, monazite and ion-adsorption clays, mostly in China.

Discovery and name

Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac separated a new earth, ytterbia, from erbium oxide in 1878 and named it after Ytterby. In 1907 chemists showed that ytterbia itself hid a second element, lutetium.

What it is used for

Ytterbium-doped fiber lasers cut and weld metal in factories, ytterbium lattice clocks are among the most precise timekeepers ever built, and ytterbium strengthens some stainless steels. Its electrical resistance changes under pressure, so it goes into gauges that measure the stress from earthquakes and explosions.

In compounds

Yb₂O₃ytterbium oxideYbCl₃ytterbium chlorideYbF₃ytterbium fluoride, in dental fillings