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65Tb158.93

Element 65, a lanthanide

Terbium

A rare earth from the Ytterby quarry whose compounds glow a vivid green.

At a glance

Symbol
Tb
Atomic number
65
Average atomic mass
158.93
Group
none; it sits in the lanthanide row below the table
Period
6
Family
lanthanide
Electron configuration
[Xe] 4f⁹ 6s²
Electronegativity
not measured
Common ions
Tb³⁺, and also Tb⁴⁺

On the table

Periodic table with Terbium highlighted123456789101112131415161718123456757-7189-103HHeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKrRbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXeCsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRnFrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg

Period 6, in the lanthanide row set below the main table. The other lanthanides are tinted, and every cell opens its own article.

Electrons and bonding

Like the other lanthanides, it gives up three electrons to form the Tb³⁺ ion in most of its compounds.

Properties

State at 25 °C
solid
What it looks like
soft, silvery-gray metal
Melting point
1356 °C
Boiling point
3230 °C
Density
8.23 g/cm³

Where it is found

One of the rarer rare earths, found in xenotime, monazite and the ion-adsorption clays of southern China.

Discovery and name

Carl Gustaf Mosander found it in 1843 in yttria from Ytterby, together with erbium, and both were named after the village. The two names were later swapped by mistake, and the swap stuck.

What it is used for

Green phosphors in fluorescent lamps and screens; Terfenol-D, an alloy that changes shape in a magnetic field and drives sonar and precision actuators; and small additions to neodymium magnets that must work in hot motors.

In compounds

Tb₄O₇terbium oxideTbCl₃terbium chloride