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47Ag107.87

Element 47, a transition metal

Silver

The best conductor of electricity and heat of any element, the most reflective metal, and money for thousands of years.

At a glance

Symbol
Ag
Atomic number
47
Average atomic mass
107.87
Group
11
Period
5
Family
transition metal
Electron configuration
[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s¹
Electronegativity
1.93
Common ions
Ag⁺

On the table

Periodic table with Silver highlighted123456789101112131415161718123456757-7189-103HHeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKrRbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXeCsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRnFrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg

Period 5, group 11. The other transition metals are tinted, and every cell opens its own article.

Electrons and bonding

Silver gives up its single 5s electron to form Ag⁺, almost its only ion. Tarnish is silver sulfide, formed by traces of hydrogen sulfide in the air.

Properties

State at 25 °C
solid
What it looks like
soft, brilliant white metal that slowly tarnishes black
Melting point
961.8 °C
Boiling point
2162 °C
Density
10.5 g/cm³

Where it is found

Occasionally found as native silver, but mostly recovered from ores of lead, zinc and copper. Mexico and Peru are the largest producers.

Discovery and name

Known since ancient times; silver was mined in Anatolia more than 5,000 years ago. The name comes from the Old English seolfor. The symbol Ag comes from its Latin name argentum, which also named Argentina, after the silver early explorers hoped to find there.

What it is used for

Electronics and solar panels, which rely on its conductivity, now use the largest share. Silver also makes jewelry, silverware, coins and mirrors, brazing alloys, and antibacterial coatings and wound dressings. Silver bromide and silver chloride were the light-sensitive heart of film photography.

In compounds

AgNO₃silver nitrateAgClsilver chlorideAgBrsilver bromide, in filmAg₂Ssilver sulfide, tarnishAgIsilver iodide, cloud seeding