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69Tm168.93

Element 69, a lanthanide

Thulium

Named for the mythical far north, it is one of the rarest of all the rare earth elements.

At a glance

Symbol
Tm
Atomic number
69
Average atomic mass
168.93
Group
none; it sits in the lanthanide row below the table
Period
6
Family
lanthanide
Electron configuration
[Xe] 4f¹³ 6s²
Electronegativity
1.25
Common ions
Tm³⁺

On the table

Periodic table with Thulium highlighted123456789101112131415161718123456757-7189-103HHeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKrRbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXeCsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRnFrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg

Period 6, in the lanthanide row set below the main table. The other lanthanides are tinted, and every cell opens its own article.

Electrons and bonding

Like the other lanthanides, it gives up three electrons to form the Tm³⁺ ion in most of its compounds.

Properties

State at 25 °C
solid
What it looks like
soft, silvery-gray metal
Melting point
1545 °C
Boiling point
1950 °C
Density
9.32 g/cm³

Where it is found

Found in small amounts in monazite, xenotime and ion-adsorption clays.

Discovery and name

Per Teodor Cleve found it in 1879 in erbium oxide and named it after Thule, an ancient name for a far northern land, often taken to mean Scandinavia.

What it is used for

Thulium-170 powers portable X-ray devices, thulium lasers are used in surgery, and thulium is studied for superconductors and phosphors. Its rarity and cost keep its uses few.

In compounds

Tm₂O₃thulium oxideTmCl₃thulium chloride