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73Ta180.95

Element 73, a transition metal

Tantalum

A metal that shrugs off almost every acid, found in the tiny capacitors of phones and laptops.

At a glance

Symbol
Ta
Atomic number
73
Average atomic mass
180.95
Group
5
Period
6
Family
transition metal
Electron configuration
[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d³ 6s²
Electronegativity
1.50
Common ions
+5, as in Ta₂O₅

On the table

Periodic table with Tantalum highlighted123456789101112131415161718123456757-7189-103HHeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKrRbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXeCsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRnFrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg

Period 6, group 5. The other transition metals are tinted, and every cell opens its own article.

Electrons and bonding

Like other transition metals, tantalum loses its outer s electrons, and often some d electrons as well, to form positive ions, and it can form more than one kind.

Properties

State at 25 °C
solid
What it looks like
hard, dense, blue-gray metal
Melting point
3017 °C
Boiling point
5458 °C
Density
16.4 g/cm³

Where it is found

Mined as tantalite, often mixed with niobium in the ore called coltan. Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Brazil and Nigeria produce most of it, and mining in conflict zones has made it a notorious conflict mineral.

Discovery and name

Anders Gustaf Ekeberg found it in 1802 in minerals from Sweden and Finland. He named it after Tantalus of Greek myth, doomed to stand in water he could never drink, because its oxide sat in acid without taking any up. For decades chemists wrongly thought it was the same element as niobium.

What it is used for

Tantalum capacitors, small and reliable, fill phones, laptops, cars and medical devices. Its resistance to corrosion and to body fluids suits surgical implants and chemical plant equipment, and it goes into superalloys for jet engines and carbide cutting tools.

In compounds

Ta₂O₅tantalum pentoxide, in capacitorsTaCtantalum carbide, cutting toolsLiTaO₃lithium tantalate, in phone filters