All practice pages/Interatomic theory/Elements

43Tc[98]

Element 43, a transition metal

Technetium

The first element made by people rather than found in nature, and today a workhorse of medical imaging.

At a glance

Symbol
Tc
Atomic number
43
Mass number of its longest-lived isotope
[98]
Group
7
Period
5
Family
transition metal
Electron configuration
[Kr] 4d⁵ 5s²
Electronegativity
1.90
Common ions
+7 in the pertechnetate ion TcO₄⁻; also +4
Isotopes
none are stable; ⁹⁸Tc lasts longest, with a half-life of about 4 million years, and short-lived technetium-99m is used in medicine

On the table

Periodic table with Technetium highlighted123456789101112131415161718123456757-7189-103HHeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKrRbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXeCsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRnFrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg

Period 5, group 7. The other transition metals are tinted, and every cell opens its own article.

Electrons and bonding

Every technetium atom is radioactive; it is the lightest element with no stable isotope. Chemically it resembles rhenium, the element below it.

Properties

State at 25 °C
solid
What it looks like
silvery-gray, radioactive metal
Melting point
2157 °C
Boiling point
4265 °C
Density
11.5 g/cm³

Where it is found

Almost none exists on Earth; traces form in uranium ores when uranium atoms split. In 1952 the astronomer Paul Merrill found its spectral lines in red giant stars, proof that stars make heavy elements as they age, since any technetium present when those stars formed would have decayed long ago.

Discovery and name

Mendeleev had left a gap for element 43, and several claimed discoveries turned out to be wrong. In 1937 Carlo Perrier and Emilio Segrè found it in a strip of molybdenum that had been bombarded in the Berkeley cyclotron. They named it from the Greek technetos, artificial.

What it is used for

Technetium-99m is injected for tens of millions of diagnostic scans a year, of bones, heart, brain and other organs. It gives off gamma rays a camera can see, and it has a half-life of only six hours, so it fades from the body quickly.

In compounds

NaTcO₄sodium pertechnetate, used in scansTcO₂technetium dioxideTc₂O₇technetium heptoxide

Handle with care

Radioactive. The tiny doses used in medicine are considered safe, but larger amounts are handled behind shielding.