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59Pr140.91

Element 59, a lanthanide

Praseodymium

The green twin, split from its sister element in 1885, now found in strong magnets and glassblowers' goggles.

At a glance

Symbol
Pr
Atomic number
59
Average atomic mass
140.91
Group
none; it sits in the lanthanide row below the table
Period
6
Family
lanthanide
Electron configuration
[Xe] 4f³ 6s²
Electronegativity
1.13
Common ions
Pr³⁺, green in solution

On the table

Periodic table with Praseodymium highlighted123456789101112131415161718123456757-7189-103HHeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKrRbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXeCsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRnFrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg

Period 6, in the lanthanide row set below the main table. The other lanthanides are tinted, and every cell opens its own article.

Electrons and bonding

Like the other lanthanides, it gives up three electrons to form the Pr³⁺ ion in most of its compounds.

Properties

State at 25 °C
solid
What it looks like
soft, silvery metal that develops a green oxide coating
Melting point
931 °C
Boiling point
3520 °C
Density
6.77 g/cm³

Where it is found

Found with the other light rare earths in bastnäsite and monazite, mostly mined in China.

Discovery and name

In 1841 Carl Gustaf Mosander thought he had found an element he called didymium, twin. In 1885 Carl Auer von Welsbach showed it was really two elements and named them praseodymium, green twin, and neodymium, new twin.

What it is used for

Mixed with neodymium in powerful magnets for motors and wind turbines, alloyed with magnesium for aircraft engines, and added to glass and enamels for a yellow-green color. Didymium glass, containing praseodymium and neodymium, protects the eyes of glassblowers by filtering out the yellow glare of hot sodium.

In compounds

Pr₆O₁₁praseodymium oxidePrCl₃praseodymium chloride, greenPrF₃praseodymium fluoride