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66Dy162.50

Element 66, a lanthanide

Dysprosium

Named hard to get at after years of separation work, it now keeps electric car magnets strong when they heat up.

At a glance

Symbol
Dy
Atomic number
66
Average atomic mass
162.50
Group
none; it sits in the lanthanide row below the table
Period
6
Family
lanthanide
Electron configuration
[Xe] 4f¹⁰ 6s²
Electronegativity
1.22
Common ions
Dy³⁺

On the table

Periodic table with Dysprosium highlighted123456789101112131415161718123456757-7189-103HHeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKrRbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXeCsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRnFrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg

Period 6, in the lanthanide row set below the main table. The other lanthanides are tinted, and every cell opens its own article.

Electrons and bonding

Like the other lanthanides, it gives up three electrons to form the Dy³⁺ ion in most of its compounds.

Properties

State at 25 °C
solid
What it looks like
soft, bright silvery metal
Melting point
1412 °C
Boiling point
2567 °C
Density
8.55 g/cm³

Where it is found

Found in xenotime and in the ion-adsorption clays of southern China, which supply most of the world.

Discovery and name

Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran separated it from holmium in 1886 after dozens of painstaking attempts, and named it from the Greek dysprositos, hard to get at. Pure dysprosium metal was not made until the 1950s, when ion-exchange methods arrived.

What it is used for

Small amounts in neodymium magnets stop them from losing strength when hot, which makes dysprosium vital for electric car motors and wind turbines. It also goes into Terfenol-D, metal-halide lamps and nuclear reactor control rods.

In compounds

Dy₂O₃dysprosium oxideDyCl₃dysprosium chlorideDyFe₂part of Terfenol-D